| rdfs:comment
| - Canada released the tar sands on the condition that the construction be auto-free. It is against the law for Canadians to sell resources to the United States. Penalties shall be applied. Navigate: Buzzwords... (edit) See also: Acronyms ... Bond Glossary ... Investing Glossary ... Technical Analysis Glossary... Life Insurance Glossary... (edit) __NOEDITSECTION__
- Oil sands, tar sands or, more technically, bituminous sands, are a type of unconventional petroleum deposit. Oil sands are either loose sands or partially consolidated sandstone containing a naturally occurring mixture of sand, clay, and water, saturated with a dense and extremely viscous form of petroleum technically referred to as bitumen (or colloquially tar due to its similar appearance, odour, and colour). Natural bitumen deposits are reported in many countries, but in particular are found in extremely large quantities in Canada. Other large reserves are located in Kazakhstan and Russia. The estimated worldwide deposits of oil are more than ; the estimates include deposits that have not been discovered. Proven reserves of bitumen contain approximately 100 billion barrels, and total na
- Extraction of oil from oil sands such as the extensive deposits in Alberta requires a substantial input of water, two barrels of water for each barrel of oil extracted. In Alberta this water is extracted from the Athabasca River and, after recycling, deposited in tailing ponds. The amounts involved are huge. The water deposited contains considerable amounts of carcinogenic hydrocarbons and heavy metals, in Alberta it is colloquially called "dead water"".
|
| abstract
| - Extraction of oil from oil sands such as the extensive deposits in Alberta requires a substantial input of water, two barrels of water for each barrel of oil extracted. In Alberta this water is extracted from the Athabasca River and, after recycling, deposited in tailing ponds. The amounts involved are huge. The water deposited contains considerable amounts of carcinogenic hydrocarbons and heavy metals, in Alberta it is colloquially called "dead water"". It is during low water, in the winter, that danger arises to fish in the Athabasca River. It has been proposed that withdrawals be curtailed during that season. There is some evidence of increased pollution downstream of the project, specifically of an increase of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
- Canada released the tar sands on the condition that the construction be auto-free. It is against the law for Canadians to sell resources to the United States. Penalties shall be applied. Navigate: Buzzwords... (edit) See also: Acronyms ... Bond Glossary ... Investing Glossary ... Technical Analysis Glossary... Life Insurance Glossary... (edit) __NOEDITSECTION__
- Oil sands, tar sands or, more technically, bituminous sands, are a type of unconventional petroleum deposit. Oil sands are either loose sands or partially consolidated sandstone containing a naturally occurring mixture of sand, clay, and water, saturated with a dense and extremely viscous form of petroleum technically referred to as bitumen (or colloquially tar due to its similar appearance, odour, and colour). Natural bitumen deposits are reported in many countries, but in particular are found in extremely large quantities in Canada. Other large reserves are located in Kazakhstan and Russia. The estimated worldwide deposits of oil are more than ; the estimates include deposits that have not been discovered. Proven reserves of bitumen contain approximately 100 billion barrels, and total natural bitumen reserves are estimated at worldwide, of which , or 70.8%, are in Alberta, Canada. Oil sands reserves have only recently been considered to be part of the world's oil reserves, as higher oil prices and new technology enable profitable extraction and processing. Oil produced from bitumen sands is often referred to as unconventional oil or crude bitumen, to distinguish it from liquid hydrocarbons produced from traditional oil wells. The crude bitumen contained in the Canadian oil sands is described by the National Energy Board of Canada as "a highly viscous mixture of hydrocarbons heavier than pentanes which, in its natural state, is not usually recoverable at a commercial rate through a well because it is too thick to flow." Crude bitumen is a thick, sticky form of crude oil, so heavy and viscous (thick) that it will not flow unless heated or diluted with lighter hydrocarbons such as light crude oil or natural-gas condensate. At room temperature, it is much like cold molasses. The World Energy Council (WEC) defines natural bitumen as "oil having a viscosity greater than 10,000 centipoise under reservoir conditions and an API gravity of less than 10° API". The Orinoco Belt in Venezuela is sometimes described as oil sands, but these deposits are non-bituminous, falling instead into the category of heavy or extra-heavy oil due to their lower viscosity. Natural bitumen and extra-heavy oil differ in the degree by which they have been degraded from the original conventional oils by bacteria. According to the WEC, extra-heavy oil has "a gravity of less than 10° API and a reservoir viscosity of no more than 10,000 centipoise". According to the study ordered by the Government of Alberta and conducted by Jacobs Engineering Group, emissions from oil-sand crude are 12% higher than from conventional oil.
|
![[RDF Data]](/fct/images/sw-rdf-blue.png)