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| - From Al-Karazah, the Spanish-Moresco term for those vessels of porous texture used for cooling water, which M. Brongniart classes under the term of hydro-cerames. The alcarazza (Fig. 67) is called in Portugal alcaradza. The hucaro, made in Estremadura, is red, and less porous than the alcarazza. These vessels have been made from the most remote period, in all warm climates, in Spain, Egypt, and Asia. The water-coolers of Egypt (Fig. 68), called bardach, are now made at Khenneh, in Upper Egypt, in large numbers; and are so cheap, that one is seldom used a second time. They are very thin, and are perfumed by placing a piece of gum mastich upon a lighted coal, and inverting the vessel over it. They have not varied in form from the ancient type. Water-coolers are made in Persia, at Cora, accor
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| abstract
| - From Al-Karazah, the Spanish-Moresco term for those vessels of porous texture used for cooling water, which M. Brongniart classes under the term of hydro-cerames. The alcarazza (Fig. 67) is called in Portugal alcaradza. The hucaro, made in Estremadura, is red, and less porous than the alcarazza. These vessels have been made from the most remote period, in all warm climates, in Spain, Egypt, and Asia. The water-coolers of Egypt (Fig. 68), called bardach, are now made at Khenneh, in Upper Egypt, in large numbers; and are so cheap, that one is seldom used a second time. They are very thin, and are perfumed by placing a piece of gum mastich upon a lighted coal, and inverting the vessel over it. They have not varied in form from the ancient type. Water-coolers are made in Persia, at Cora, according to Chardin, who was in that city in 1672. They are white, and are first moistened with rose water^ and afterwards suspended enveloped in wet cloths. These coolers can be used only five or six times, as the pores are soon stopped up. The ancients were weU acquainted with the process of producing cold by the evaporation of water. We find that the soldiers of the army of Antiochus cooled water in vessels of clay, which they put during the night upon terraces, where children were employed to keep them moist; thence it was poured into large amphorae covered over with straw, which kept it fresh. In the time of Galen, vessels of earth filled with water were suspended in the windows, in order that the current of air might render it cool. These vessels are not of use in the temperate climates of Europe, their efficacy depending upon a high degree of temperature, and a dry atmosphere.
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