The Panchen Lama (Tibetan: པན་ཆེན་བླ་མ Wylie: Pan-chen Bla-ma, simplified Chinese: 班禅喇嘛/班禅额尔德尼 traditional Chinese: 班禪喇嘛/班禪額爾德尼) is the second highest ranking Lama after the Dalai Lama in the Gelugpa (Dge-lugs-pa) sect of Tibetan Buddhism (the sect which controlled western Tibet from the 16th century until the establishment of Chinese sovereignty in 1951). The successive Panchen lamas form a tulku reincarnation lineage which are said to be the incarnations of Amitabha Buddha. The name, meaning "great scholar", is a Tibetan contraction of the Sanskrit paṇḍita (scholar) and the Tibetan chenpo (great).
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