Rösener was born on 2 February 1902 in Schwerte, a town in the Province of Westphalia. He joined the Nazi party and the Sturmabteilung (SA) or 'Brownshirts' on 6 November 1926. He applied to join the SS in October 1929 (his application was accepted in 1930). He was promoted 11 times between 1930 and 1944, eventually finishing with the rank of SS-Obergruppenführer and General of the Waffen-SS and Police. He was a member of the Freundeskreis der Wirtschaft, or "Circle of Friends of the Economy", a group of German industrialists whose aim was to raise funds for racial research within the Third Reich. He was close to Heinrich Himmler, and reported directly to him during the war.
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