| rdfs:comment
| - Open access (OA) "means free online access to research literature. OA literature is not only provided free of charge to scientists, scholars, teachers and students, but to anyone with an Internet connection."
- Open access (also spelled open-access)
- Open access (OA) is free, immediate, permanent, full-text, online access, for any user, web-wide, to digital scientific and scholarly material, primarily research articles published in peer-reviewed journals. OA means that any individual user, anywhere, who has access to the Internet, may link, read, download, store, print-off, use, and data-mine the digital content of that article. An OA article usually has limited copyright and licensing restrictions. There are two main currents in the open access movement:
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| abstract
| - Open access (OA) "means free online access to research literature. OA literature is not only provided free of charge to scientists, scholars, teachers and students, but to anyone with an Internet connection."
- Open access (also spelled open-access)
- Open access (OA) is free, immediate, permanent, full-text, online access, for any user, web-wide, to digital scientific and scholarly material, primarily research articles published in peer-reviewed journals. OA means that any individual user, anywhere, who has access to the Internet, may link, read, download, store, print-off, use, and data-mine the digital content of that article. An OA article usually has limited copyright and licensing restrictions. The first major international statement on open access was the Budapest Open Access Initiative in February 2002. This provided a definition of open access, and has a growing list of signatories. Two further statements followed: the Bethesda Statement on Open Access Publishing in June 2003 and the Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities in October 2003. OA has since become the subject of much discussion amongst researchers, academics, librarians, university administrators, funding agencies, government officials, commercial publishers, and society publishers. Although there is substantial (though not universal) agreement on the concept of OA itself, there is considerable debate and discussion about the economics of funding peer review in open access publishing, and the reliability and economic effects of self-archiving. There are two main currents in the open access movement: 1.
* In OA self-archiving (also known as the "green" road to OA ), authors publish in a subscription journal, but in addition make their articles freely accessible online, usually by depositing them in either an institutional repository (such as the Okayama University Digital Information Repository) or in a central repository (such as PubMed Central). The deposit can be in the form of a peer-reviewed postprint or a non-peer-reviewed preprint. OA self-archiving was first formally proposed in 1994 by Stevan Harnad. However, self-archiving was already being done by computer scientists in their local FTP archives in the '80s, later harvested into Citeseer. High-energy physicists have been self-archiving centrally in arXiv since 1991. 2.
* In OA publishing (also known as the "gold" road to OA ) authors publish in open access journals that make their articles freely accessible online immediately upon publication. Examples of OA publishers are BioMed Central and the Public Library of Science. There are about 20-25,000 peer-reviewed journals in all across all disciplines, countries and languages. About 10 - 15% of them are OA journals, as indexed by the Directory of Open Access Journals (gold OA). Of the more than 10,000 peer-reviewed non-OA journals indexed in the Romeo directory of publisher policies (which includes most of the journals indexed by Thomson/ISI), over 90% endorse some form of author self-archiving (green OA): 62% endorse self-archiving the author's final peer-reviewed draft or "postprint," 29% the pre-refereeing "preprint."
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