The first state of Qatif was established as the Shia ruled Sultanate of Qatif around the 1729 after gaining status as a protectorate under the Ottoman Empire, with its rulers being descendants of the Qarmatians. The early state of Qatif was almost constantly at war with Sunni Muslims within its boarders, becoming a protectorate of the Ottoman Empire. During World War One Qatif switched alliances becoming for a brief period a British protectorate. In 1913 a failed revolution saw Qatifi make tentative steps to modernise establishing a constitutional monarchy.
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| - The first state of Qatif was established as the Shia ruled Sultanate of Qatif around the 1729 after gaining status as a protectorate under the Ottoman Empire, with its rulers being descendants of the Qarmatians. The early state of Qatif was almost constantly at war with Sunni Muslims within its boarders, becoming a protectorate of the Ottoman Empire. During World War One Qatif switched alliances becoming for a brief period a British protectorate. In 1913 a failed revolution saw Qatifi make tentative steps to modernise establishing a constitutional monarchy.
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| established event
| - Arab Republic
- Islamic Arab Republic
- Sultanate of Qatif
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| conventional long name
| - Arab Socialist Ba'ath Republic of Qatif
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| established date
| - 18(xsd:integer)
- 1729(xsd:integer)
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| largest settlement
| - Dammam-Dhahran-Khobar metropolitan area
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| Ethnic Groups
| - 1(xsd:double)
- 5.0
- 1.3
- 92.0
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| national anthem
| - تحيا البعث العربي!Āshat Al-Ba‘ath Al-‘ArabīFile:Syrian_Baath_Party_Anthem.ogg
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| native name
| - Jumhūriyyat al-ʾQaṭīf al-Ba‘ath al-Ishtirākī al-ʿArabiyyah
- جمهورية البعث العربي الاشتراكي القطيف
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| - Coat of arms of Qatif.png
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| Leader title
| - President
- Chief Justice
- Speaker of the National People's Council
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| abstract
| - The first state of Qatif was established as the Shia ruled Sultanate of Qatif around the 1729 after gaining status as a protectorate under the Ottoman Empire, with its rulers being descendants of the Qarmatians. The early state of Qatif was almost constantly at war with Sunni Muslims within its boarders, becoming a protectorate of the Ottoman Empire. During World War One Qatif switched alliances becoming for a brief period a British protectorate. In 1913 a failed revolution saw Qatifi make tentative steps to modernise establishing a constitutional monarchy. In 1961 Qatif's stagnant political atmosphere was plunged into chaos after the Ba'aath Party won the parliamentary that year, promoting protests to erupt around Qatif. This political deadlock led to a cadre of Pan-Arab socialist military officers to dispose the Sultan Al-Qa'im ibn al-Aziz ibn Mohammed al-Tahir, enabling the rise of Mustafa al-Karim who formed a new revolutionary government. al-Karim led a tetrarchy that oversaw the formation of a single party state under the Qatifi Ba'ath Party. Under the Qatifi Ba'athism ideology businesses were nationalised as well as social welfare projects expanded with a partial command economy implemented. The regime also oversaw the secularisation of Qatif, especially among the majority Shiite population in urban areas, with women's rights, the buildup of infrastructure and education becoming a government priority. State oppression under al-Karim was also brutal with death squads and labour camps established to silence political dissent. In 1971 growing discontent led Qatif to invade Bahrain in a move to spur nationalist support. This resulted in the Qatif-Trucial War which ended in Qatif repelling a Trucial invasion whilst losing control of Bahrain, causing a status quo ante bellum. It also resulted the Qatif economy to be temporarily decimated as well as worsen relations with the United States and increase those with the USSR and other Arab republics. The aftermath of the war also saw nominal democratic reforms, although in practice the state remained a single party junta. However Qatif's rich oil deposits enabled it to become one of the wealthier nations in the Persian Gulf, although tensions between it and Saudi Arabia remained extremely high, with the Saudi government funding remaining Sunni insurgents in the south of Qatif. al-Karims death in 1986 prompted a wave of Wahhabi and Shia Islamic Fundamentalism to erupt in the country throwing it into civil war. The war officially ended in 1990 during which military chief Abdullah Rajab had taken power as president of Qatif, where he had led economic reforms which saw the dismantlement of the socialist economy. Rajab in order to pacify Islamist sentiments also introduced some mild Islamist policies into the legal system, although Shia Islam remained the state religion with Sunni Muslims- especially those who practiced Wahhabism - were still oppressed. During the Arab Spring numerous pro-democracy protests where held in the capital of Qatif City, leading to what foreign commentators have referred to as the "Palm Revolution". This prompted President Rajab to enact martial law before announcing elections were to be held the next year with Rajab resigning as president. In 2011 the first genuine democratic elections where held in Qatif in which the Ba'ath Party won a majority of the vote without facing any major opposition. Since then Qatif has been confronted with continued Sunni insurgents in the southern regions which has so far been pacified as Qatif becomes more pluralistic. In 2016 a coup was undertaken which instituted a new military government. Qatif has a population of 8,618,767 with 90% being made up of Arabs, and most of the population being concentrated on the eastern coast of the country. Qatif has emerged as one of the Middle East's most stable economies following economic reform in the 2000's, as well as having some of the best women's rights in the region. Despite this human right abuses and the rise of Islamic terrorist organisations has severely hampered development in Qatif. Qatif is a member of the United Nations, OPEC, Arab League, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, Council of Arab Economic Unity, Gulf Cooperation Council and the Non-Aligned Movement. Qatif's large, untapped oil deposits has made it increasingly prominent on a world stage, although not to the extent of its neighbour Saudi Arabia.
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