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| - The first commercialized mancala variant in the USA was Chuba ("to extinguish", "to eat up") which was published by "Milton & Bradley" of Springfield, Massachusetts, in 1891. They described it as "an adaptation from a rude game of eastern Africa". Chuba was invented by Rev. Dr. Erwin H. Richards, a resident of Norwalk, Ohio, who filed a patent application on November 20, 1890. The patent number dated March 17, 1891, is 448,574. E. H. Richards was a Methodist missionary who founded in 1890 the United Methodist Mission at Chicuque, Mozambique, which today has become the Igreja Metodista Unida em Mozambique.
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| abstract
| - The first commercialized mancala variant in the USA was Chuba ("to extinguish", "to eat up") which was published by "Milton & Bradley" of Springfield, Massachusetts, in 1891. They described it as "an adaptation from a rude game of eastern Africa". Chuba was invented by Rev. Dr. Erwin H. Richards, a resident of Norwalk, Ohio, who filed a patent application on November 20, 1890. The patent number dated March 17, 1891, is 448,574. E. H. Richards was a Methodist missionary who founded in 1890 the United Methodist Mission at Chicuque, Mozambique, which today has become the Igreja Metodista Unida em Mozambique. Without doubt the game is derived from Tschuba, a game played by the Thonga or Shangaans who live from St. Lucia Bay, South Africa, to the Sabie River in southern Mozambique. The rules are identical with those of a particular form of Tschuba described by Wagner in 1917, but its exact initial position seems to be unknown in Africa.
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