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| - 601 The Byzantine army defeats the Avars at Viminacium (Pannonia) and raids deep into the Tisza river plain. 602 The Byzantine army, after receiving orders to camp and winter there, living off the land, revolts under a junior officer, Phocas, marches on Constantinople (herself revolting under the tax burden) where emperor Maurice is slain together with his entire family, save for Belisarius II who goes on ruling from Rome; this marks the end of any Byzantine authority over the Sklavinian (*OTL Balcanic) hinterland. Fragmentation of the Western Gökturk empire, who splits in two parts, whereas the Khazars gain a wide autonomy. The Persians wrest Tylos/Bahrain and ancient Characene (Kuwait and southernmost Iraq) from the kingdom of Hirah.
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| abstract
| - 601 The Byzantine army defeats the Avars at Viminacium (Pannonia) and raids deep into the Tisza river plain. 602 The Byzantine army, after receiving orders to camp and winter there, living off the land, revolts under a junior officer, Phocas, marches on Constantinople (herself revolting under the tax burden) where emperor Maurice is slain together with his entire family, save for Belisarius II who goes on ruling from Rome; this marks the end of any Byzantine authority over the Sklavinian (*OTL Balcanic) hinterland. Fragmentation of the Western Gökturk empire, who splits in two parts, whereas the Khazars gain a wide autonomy. The Persians wrest Tylos/Bahrain and ancient Characene (Kuwait and southernmost Iraq) from the kingdom of Hirah. 602-604 Lombards, Slovenians and Avars follow one another in plundering war-torn Byzantine Histria, where Phocaists and Belisarists vie for power. 602-605 The Sui Chinese general Liu Fang reconquers Nam Viet (Vietnam), defeats again and again the Chams and sacks their capital, Indrapura. 603 Khusraw II’s Persians after the assassination of Maurice (who was instrumental in enthroning Khusraw) renew war on Byzantium. The Eastern Gökturks distruggono destroy the first Uygur (Tele/Dulo) Khanate in Mongolia. Antipersian rebellion in Central Asia and Afghanistan (areas still collectively known as Tocharistan). 604 Sui Yangdi murders his father Yang Jian and succeeds him on the imperial Chinese throne, moving the capital to Luoyang. 605 The Persians oust the Byzantines from (northern) Mesopotamia. The Chinese complete the Great Canal, linking the Huang He and the Yang-tse-Kiang rivers. The Khitans rebel against the Eastern Gökturks. 606-647 The Buddhist king Harshavardhana of Kanauj, a scion of the Guptas, reunifies most of northern India, but dies heirless and his work is quickly undone. 607 The Persians conquer Cappadocia and its chief city, Caesarea, briefly raiding up to the Bosphorus. (Eastern) Byzantine Phocaist agents murder Belisarius II and his son and heir Maurice in Perugia; Pope Bonifacius III happily acknowledges Phoca’s authority in the West in exchange for a nominal recognition of Papal primacy over Constantinople in the Catholic church. Carthage and Byzantine Africa, instead, react to Belisarius II’s assassination by raising the flag of rebellion under the exarch Heraclius Crispus and his son Heraclius the Younger. The Aquileia Patriarchate splits in two over Belisarius II’s violent death: John Abbas, loyal to the memory of the murdered Western emperor, defects to the Lombards reopening the Patriarchal see at Aquileia under the protection of the Lombard (and Arian!) Duke of Friul Gisulf II, while Candianus takes an oath of loyalty to Phocas and keeps his see in Grado (in time, from Grad’s Patriarchate will form the Patriarchate of Venice). King Agilulf of the Lombards takes Bononia/Bologna but fails in his siege of the Byzantine/Venetic strongholds of Padua and Monselice. Pulakesin II of the Vatapi/Badami Chalukyas conquers and annexes the Kadamba kingdom. 607-608 The Sui Chinese invasion of Sichuan (Western China) ends in a dismal failure. 608 A formal peace treaty is brokered between Byzantium and the Lombards, whose possession of northern Italy (except Maritime Venetia and “Romania” around Ravenna), Tuscany and the Duchy of Spoleto (comprising most of the future Marche and Abruzzo) is recognized. 609 The Persians conquer Osrhoene with its capital, Edessa. Heraclius’ revolt extends to Egypt and Palestine, where civil war rages; Phocas sends his troops south, thus weakening the Persian front, but to no avail. 610 The Arab cameleer Muhammad, from the paramount Quraysh tribe of Mecca, receives the divine revelation of Islam and becomes the Prophet. The Carthaginian rebel Heraclius the Younger, son of the exarch of Africa Heraclius Crispus, sail to Constantinople with his fleet, is hailed as a savior and liquidates the tyrant Phocas, ascending the Byzantine throne. Gisulf II, Duke of Friul, is trounced and killed at Castra Fluvii Frigidi/Aidussina by Khan Bayan’s Avars, who take and devastate Cividale together with the Slovenians of Carantania; the latter also leak into eastern Tyrol and defeat Lombards and Bavarians at Aguntum/Lienz. 610-620 Incessant (and unopposed) Avaro-Slavic raids throughout the Sklaviniai (*OTL Balkans), Greece and Thrace. Quick abandonment of the Latin language in Byzantine army and bureaucracy in favor of Greek.
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