| abstract
| - The Hebrew Scriptures known as the Torah have formed the basis for any number of societies. While the initial dates for the creation of each book are not precisely known, it is certain that both the Torah and the Haftorah(the prophets) were already existent in nearly their present form by no later than 100 BCE. They began as the Sacred Writings of a people caught in the crossfire of competing empires. And around 587 BCE they served as the basis for a continuing identity for a people that had been taken from its land of origin and exiled elsewhere. That they should have survived such a disaster was fairly unusual, if not unique. Losing gods usually cease to exist in the face of winning, hence superior, gods. But the religion of Torah was unique, not only in the sense of having written laws, but of describing a monotheistic GOD. Elsewhere, only Pharaoh Akhenaton had tried to preach that and his efforts had been in vain. Another difference, is that while most gods have tended to be rooted in place, the Judaic God of Torah was not. Indeed, God was so infinite as to have no image. And finally, the deportation was seen not as a failure on the part of the Judean God. Rather it was the result of the failure of the Judean people to follow the teachings of their God, and thus was their punishment. And within those teachings were the lessons of Exodus. Consequently, when fifty plus years later they were able to return to the land of Judah, not only did they still exist as a viable people, they were even more cohesive than before.
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