abstract
| - The first time Mk. Is saw action was in the Somme Offensive, during the Battle of Flers-Courcelette. They were initially designed to break the Germans' defensive line, utilising their sponson mounted weapons to fire into the trenches. The Mk. IV was the most common variant during the war, used by the British as well as the Germans (albeit captured). Debuting in the assault on Messines Ridge, the Mark IV made a major contribution in the 1917 Battle of Cambrai, where 460 of the type where used. Three Mk. IVs took part in the first tank battle against German A7Vs in the Second Battle of Villers Bretoneux. The Mk. I to Mk. IV types all had poor mobility, owing to the lack of any sort of mechanical transmission to control the tracks. Three crewmen where thus devoted to driving the tank; The driver who operated acceleration, and two "gearsmen" who operated the transmission. The Mk. V was the most advanced variant during the war seeing action in the closing months of the war, especially during the Battle of Hamel. The epicyclic transmission added to the tank allowed only one crewmember to drive the vehicle, with the two gearsmen being reassigned to operating the armament. While they were extremely effective against those dug in, they were also very unreliable; Conditions inside the vehicle could be unbearable as the crew would have to endure vehicle fumes and intense temperatures of around 50 degrees Celsius, or about 120 degrees Fahrenheit. Sound inside the enclosed compartment was dominated by the operating engine, making vocal crew communication impossible. They also often broke down and got stuck in deep craters, exposing them to the wrath of artillery.
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