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| - The arid Atacama Desert in Chile's north contains great mineral wealth, principally copper, and accounts for a large amount of Chile's strong economy. The relatively small central area dominates in terms of population and agricultural resources, and is the cultural and political center from which Chile expanded in the late 19th century when it incorporated its northern and southern regions. Southern Chile is rich in forests and grazing lands, and features a string of volcanoes and lakes. The southern coast is a labyrinth of fjords, inlets, canals, twisting peninsulas, and islands.
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| abstract
| - The arid Atacama Desert in Chile's north contains great mineral wealth, principally copper, and accounts for a large amount of Chile's strong economy. The relatively small central area dominates in terms of population and agricultural resources, and is the cultural and political center from which Chile expanded in the late 19th century when it incorporated its northern and southern regions. Southern Chile is rich in forests and grazing lands, and features a string of volcanoes and lakes. The southern coast is a labyrinth of fjords, inlets, canals, twisting peninsulas, and islands. Spain conquered and colonised Chile in the mid-16th century, replacing Inca rule in northern and central Chile, but failing to conquer the independent Mapuche that inhabited south-central Chile. After declaring its independence from Spain in 1818, Chile emerged in the 1830s as a relatively stable authoritarian republic. In the 19th century, Chile saw significant economic and territorial growth, ending Mapuche resistance in the 1880s and gaining its current northern territory in the War of the Pacific (1879–83) after defeating Peru and Bolivia. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, the country experienced severe left-right political polarization and turmoil. This development culminated with a partially successful coup d'état led by Augusto Pinochet against Salvador Allende's left-wing government, leading to the Chilean Civil War, which lasted from 1973 to 1977. In the end, the leftists won, and modified the constitution to include democratic socialism into the constitution and simplify the government, which was approved in a plebiscite in 1978. Since then, socialists have remained in power in Chile, though not without significant opposition. Today, Chile is considered to be a stable and prosperous nation, having maintained itself as a democratic socialist state operating under a mixed market socialist framework. It has remarkably low economic inequality and high development compared to the rest of the continent, and leads Latin American nations in rankings of human development, income per capita, state of peace, and low perception of corruption. Chile's three major enemies are the Argentine Confederate Union, the United Confederate Union of Colombia, and the Mexican Social Republic, which the Chilean government has declared to be fascist and reactionary regimes. In relations with Argentina and Colombia, each country has accused the other of running anti-government guerrilla movements within their territory. Chile is a full member of the International Order of Socialist States.
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![[RDF Data]](/fct/images/sw-rdf-blue.png)