Some scholars believe the site had been used by Greek mercenaries in the employ of the Judaean king in his battles against the Egyptian army. But there were also Judahite mercenaries in the Egyptian army at the time of the late monarchic period. According to Israel Finkelstein, "it is therefore quite reasonable that the unit stationed in the Egyptian fort of Messad Hashavyahu included Judahite mercenaries". Others, such as Israel Finkelstein and Nadav Naaman, believe this site was controlled by the Egyptians and not Josiah: "in any event, regarding Mesad Hashavyahu, there can be little doubt that Egypt, which expanded in the late 7th century [BCE] along the coast of the Levant, was strong enough to prevent Josiah from building an isolated fort in the middle of an area in which Egypt had st
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| - Some scholars believe the site had been used by Greek mercenaries in the employ of the Judaean king in his battles against the Egyptian army. But there were also Judahite mercenaries in the Egyptian army at the time of the late monarchic period. According to Israel Finkelstein, "it is therefore quite reasonable that the unit stationed in the Egyptian fort of Messad Hashavyahu included Judahite mercenaries". Others, such as Israel Finkelstein and Nadav Naaman, believe this site was controlled by the Egyptians and not Josiah: "in any event, regarding Mesad Hashavyahu, there can be little doubt that Egypt, which expanded in the late 7th century [BCE] along the coast of the Levant, was strong enough to prevent Josiah from building an isolated fort in the middle of an area in which Egypt had st
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| - Some scholars believe the site had been used by Greek mercenaries in the employ of the Judaean king in his battles against the Egyptian army. But there were also Judahite mercenaries in the Egyptian army at the time of the late monarchic period. According to Israel Finkelstein, "it is therefore quite reasonable that the unit stationed in the Egyptian fort of Messad Hashavyahu included Judahite mercenaries". Others, such as Israel Finkelstein and Nadav Naaman, believe this site was controlled by the Egyptians and not Josiah: "in any event, regarding Mesad Hashavyahu, there can be little doubt that Egypt, which expanded in the late 7th century [BCE] along the coast of the Levant, was strong enough to prevent Josiah from building an isolated fort in the middle of an area in which Egypt had strong strategic interests". One of the significant issues dependent on this debate is whether or not the Kingdom of Judah under Josiah had access to a sea port. The fact that the fort was south-facing may imply that it was built for the protection of Yavne and the surrounding agricultural lands including the seaport area of Yavne-Yam, against aggressors from the south, either Philistine or Egyptian. The fortress was abandoned in 609 BCE or shortly thereafter, likely associated with the loss of territory due to occupation by the Egyptian army following Josiah's death. It was excavated by Joseph Naveh in 1960.
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