In late 1941 the German armies had come to within 8 km (5 miles) of Moscow before being forced back by soviet counter attacks. The German 9th army, under the command of Field marshal Model, held its positions around the towns of Rzhev and Vyazma north of Moscow. This produced a bulge in the Soviet-German lines and both sides sought to control of the town of Rzhev due to it being the hub of the local rail network. The bulge therefore was a spring board for the Germans to make another attack at Moscow in the summer and Soviets new it. Following the Battle of Moscow the Soviet high command focused its attention and reserves of men and material on this bulge.
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