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| - Urology is the field of medicine that focuses on the urinary tracts of males and females, and on the reproductive system of males. In men, the urinary system overlaps with the reproductive system, and in women the urinary tract opens into the vulva. In both sexes, the urinary and reproductive tracts are close together, and disorders of one often affect the other. The organs covered by urology include the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, and the male reproductive organs (testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate and penis).
- Urology is the medical specialty dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the urinary tract and the male reproductive tract. A specialist in the field is a urologist. Despite it's limited scope, urology has often been at the forefront of surgical procedures. As such, most urological surgical procedures are now minimally invasive and have been been adopted by other surgical specialties. The recognized sub-specialties are:
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| abstract
| - Urology is the medical specialty dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the urinary tract and the male reproductive tract. A specialist in the field is a urologist. Despite it's limited scope, urology has often been at the forefront of surgical procedures. As such, most urological surgical procedures are now minimally invasive and have been been adopted by other surgical specialties. Urology is one of the most selective medical specialties, with only about 1.5% of physicians qualifying for a residency in the field. Becoming board certified requires a 12 month residency in general surgery followed by a 36 month course in clinical practice and a further 12 months in mixed practice. Many urologists then go on to a fellowship in a sub-specialty that can last another 36 months. The recognized sub-specialties are:
* Endourology - the surgical treatment of conditions without breaking any tissues, generally by inserting instruments through the uethra
* Laparoscopy
* Urologic oncology - treatment of cancer of the kidneys, adrenal glands and other structures of the urinary tract
* Neurorology - treatment of conditions affecting the nerves that control functions of the urinary tract
* Pediatric urology - treatment of urinary tract conditions in children
* Andrology - treatment of conditions specific to the male reproductive tract
* Reconstructive urology - specializing in surgery to reconstruct the structures of the urinary tract
* Female urology - focussing on conditions that affect the bladder and associated systems.
- Urology is the field of medicine that focuses on the urinary tracts of males and females, and on the reproductive system of males. In men, the urinary system overlaps with the reproductive system, and in women the urinary tract opens into the vulva. In both sexes, the urinary and reproductive tracts are close together, and disorders of one often affect the other. The organs covered by urology include the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, and the male reproductive organs (testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate and penis). The discipline combines management of medical (i.e., non-surgical) problems such as urinary infections, and surgical problems such as the correction of congenital abnormalities and the surgical management of cancers. Such abnormalities within the genital region are called genitourinary disorders. Urologists are also involved in the assessment and treatment of incontinence. Urodynamics is the study of the pressure within the urinary system and urologists often use diagnostic techniques such as flow cystometry or ambulatory urodynamic profiles to determine the best method of treatment for the patient. This could include medical prescription (e.g. oxybutynin or multiple alpha-blockers) or surgical intervention (e.g. urethral suspension/slings). Other subfields of urology include urologic oncology, stone disease, voiding dysfunction, pediatric urology, sexual dysfunction and male infertility. Urology is closely related to the medical fields of nephrology, andrology, gynaecology, proctology and oncology.
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