abstract
| - The Anglo Sikh Wars brought an end to Khalsa rule in the Punjab. These two wars, the First and Second Anglo-Sikh Wars left the Sikhs fractionalize without any united leadership. The Dogra general who had lead Sikh armies was in alliance with British and reaped a profit of his own by paying a small fortune to purchase the kingdom of Kashmir. In the years that followed the Anglo-Sikh wars of 1849, sikh armies were disbanded by the British and heavily recruited as soldiers in the British regiment where their gallantry and loyalty were soon tested in the mutiny of 1857, which was nothing more than an attempt by the Marathas and Muslim rulers were merely revolts by the princes to regain their feudal or territorial rights. The mutiny of the Purbias in the British armed forces was encouraged and the embroglio over the use of the who used a mixture of pid and cow fat to grease their new cartridges, ended with the death of several hundreds of British women, children who were murdered by these mutineers, all over North India. The British reprisals were even more brutal and even included massive destruction of sections of Delhi's Lal Kila (Red Fort). The eighty Year old Bahadur Shah Zafar, the aging Emperor of the Mughals whose once mighty forces had been cowed by victorious Sikh and Maratha armies was asked by the mutineers to be the figurehead of their rebellion, a task to which he reluctantly agreed. He actually had no other choice. During the Mutiny of 1857, the Muslims sought restoration of the rule of Muslim princes, and the Hindus hoped to put their Rajas back into power, as well. The princes of the two communities had a unity of purpose in putting up a common front against a common enemy, the British. After the Anglo Sikh Wars, the young Sikh Maharaja, the last son of Ranjit Singh and his mother, the last potent personalities, around which both been removed from the Punjab, leaving the misls fractured and disorganized. With Maharaja Ranjit Singh dead none of his sons had been able to keep the once great kingdom together, infighting and duplicitous leadership had insured the Khalsa army's defeat. With no one to pay them and with the once great Toshkhana looted by the Dogras and the British taking what was left the warriors were soon being asked to fill new regiments in the British army to keep the Afghans at bay.
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