The Revolutions of 1989 were part of a revolutionary wave that resulted in the Fall of Fascism in the Fascist states of Central and Eastern Europe. The period is sometimes called the Autumn of Nations, a play on the term "Spring of Nations", used to describe the Revolutions of 1848. The Revolutions of 1989 also coincided with a massive wave of international democratization: from a minority mostly restricted to the First World and India up until the mid-1980s, the electoral democracy became at least officially the political system of about half of the countries of the world by the early 1990s.
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| - Revolutions of 1989 (Central Victory)
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| - The Revolutions of 1989 were part of a revolutionary wave that resulted in the Fall of Fascism in the Fascist states of Central and Eastern Europe. The period is sometimes called the Autumn of Nations, a play on the term "Spring of Nations", used to describe the Revolutions of 1848. The Revolutions of 1989 also coincided with a massive wave of international democratization: from a minority mostly restricted to the First World and India up until the mid-1980s, the electoral democracy became at least officially the political system of about half of the countries of the world by the early 1990s.
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AKA
| - Fall of Fascism, Collapse of Authoritarianism, Autumn of Nations
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Result
| - Peaceful transfer of power to non-Fascist governments in , , , , and
* to a republican government in Romania
*End of Germany as a
*Formation of the
* of
* of the Chinese democracy movement
*Dissolution of the
*All German military troops withdraw from
*Intensification of the process of European integration
*Changes in dozens of other countries, especially involving the rise of
*
*Vietnamese occupation of ends
*End of the
*Integration of most former Warsaw Pact members into
* sphere of influence grows
*
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abstract
| - The Revolutions of 1989 were part of a revolutionary wave that resulted in the Fall of Fascism in the Fascist states of Central and Eastern Europe. The period is sometimes called the Autumn of Nations, a play on the term "Spring of Nations", used to describe the Revolutions of 1848. The events began in Poland in 1989, and continued in Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, and Romania. One feature common to most of these developments was the extensive use of campaigns of civil resistance demonstrating popular opposition to the continuation of one-party rule and contributing to the pressure for change. Romania was the only Fascist country whose people overthrew its regime violently; however, in Romania itself and in some other places, there was some violence inflicted by the regime upon the population. The Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 failed to stimulate major political changes in China. However, powerful images of courageous defiance during that protest helped to spark a precipitation of events in other parts of the globe. The Russia was reunited by the end of 1991, resulting in 15 countries (West Russia, Siberia, and Chita) declaring their desire to reunite with Moscow in the course of the years 1990-91 and these countries forming the Russian Federation in December 1991. Military occupation ended in Serbia between 1990 and 1992, Serbia with other Balkan countries formed Yugoslavia by 1992. The collapse of Fascism (and of the Greater German Reich) led commentators to declare the end of the Cold War. The adoption of varying forms of market economy immediately resulted in a general decline in living standards, birth rates and life expectancies in post-Fascist States, together with side effects including the rise of business oligarchs in countries such as Russia, and highly disproportional social and economic development. Many Fascist and Nationalist organisations in the West turned their guiding principles over to conservatism. The European political landscape was drastically changed, with numerous countries joining NATO and stronger European economic and social integration entailed. The Revolutions of 1989 also coincided with a massive wave of international democratization: from a minority mostly restricted to the First World and India up until the mid-1980s, the electoral democracy became at least officially the political system of about half of the countries of the world by the early 1990s.
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