The Battle of Chaldiran or Chaldoran (, ) occurred on 23 August 1514 and ended with a victory for the Ottoman Empire over the Safavid Empire. As a result, the Ottomans gained immediate control over eastern Anatolia and northern Iraq. The battle, however, was just the beginning of 41 years of destructive war between the two empires that only ended in 1555 with the Treaty of Amasya. While the Ottomans often had the upper hand, the Persians for the most part held their ground. All Safavid losses in Shia-dominated metropolitan regions of Persia, such as Luristan and Kermanshah, proved temporary, being recovered from the Ottomans soon after each battle. An exception was Azerbaijan, which- though taken back from the Ottomans, would later be permanently lost to the Russian Empire. Iraq, as well a
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| - The Battle of Chaldiran or Chaldoran (, ) occurred on 23 August 1514 and ended with a victory for the Ottoman Empire over the Safavid Empire. As a result, the Ottomans gained immediate control over eastern Anatolia and northern Iraq. The battle, however, was just the beginning of 41 years of destructive war between the two empires that only ended in 1555 with the Treaty of Amasya. While the Ottomans often had the upper hand, the Persians for the most part held their ground. All Safavid losses in Shia-dominated metropolitan regions of Persia, such as Luristan and Kermanshah, proved temporary, being recovered from the Ottomans soon after each battle. An exception was Azerbaijan, which- though taken back from the Ottomans, would later be permanently lost to the Russian Empire. Iraq, as well a
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| Strength
| - 12000(xsd:integer)
- 60000(xsd:integer)
- artillery and muskets
- or 100,000
- or 212,000,
- or 40,000
- or 55,000
- or 80,000
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| Partof
| - the Ottoman–Persian Wars
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| Date
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| Commander
| - Sultan Selim I
- Shah Ismail I
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| Casualties
| - Heavy losses
- or approximately 5,000
- or less than 2,000
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| Result
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| combatant
| - Ottoman Empire
- Safavid dynasty
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| abstract
| - The Battle of Chaldiran or Chaldoran (, ) occurred on 23 August 1514 and ended with a victory for the Ottoman Empire over the Safavid Empire. As a result, the Ottomans gained immediate control over eastern Anatolia and northern Iraq. The battle, however, was just the beginning of 41 years of destructive war between the two empires that only ended in 1555 with the Treaty of Amasya. While the Ottomans often had the upper hand, the Persians for the most part held their ground. All Safavid losses in Shia-dominated metropolitan regions of Persia, such as Luristan and Kermanshah, proved temporary, being recovered from the Ottomans soon after each battle. An exception was Azerbaijan, which- though taken back from the Ottomans, would later be permanently lost to the Russian Empire. Iraq, as well as eastern Anatolia, would also be forever taken from traditional Iranian suzerainty. At Chaldiran, the Ottomans had a larger, better equipped army numbering 60,000 to 200,000, while the Qizilbash Turcomans numbered some 40,000 to 80,000. Shah Ismail I, who was wounded and almost captured in the battle, retired to his palace and withdrew from government administration after his wives were captured by Selim I, with at least one married off to one of Selim's statesmen. The battle is one of major historical importance because it not only negated the idea that the Murshid of the Shia-Qizilbash was infallible, but it also fully defined the Ottoman-Safavid borders and led Kurdish chiefs to assert their authority and switch their allegiance from the Safavids to the Ottomans.
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