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The Kingdom of Judah (also known as the "Southern Kingdom") was created in c. 930 BCE on the split up of the United Monarchy. David was made king over the tribe of Judah as early as 1007 BCE, and the Davidic line was followed by Judah for over 420 years, until the Kingdom fell in 586 BCE to the Babylonian Empire under Nebuzar-adan, captain of Nebuchadnezzar's body-guard.

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  • Babylonian captivity
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  • The Kingdom of Judah (also known as the "Southern Kingdom") was created in c. 930 BCE on the split up of the United Monarchy. David was made king over the tribe of Judah as early as 1007 BCE, and the Davidic line was followed by Judah for over 420 years, until the Kingdom fell in 586 BCE to the Babylonian Empire under Nebuzar-adan, captain of Nebuchadnezzar's body-guard.
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  • The Kingdom of Judah (also known as the "Southern Kingdom") was created in c. 930 BCE on the split up of the United Monarchy. David was made king over the tribe of Judah as early as 1007 BCE, and the Davidic line was followed by Judah for over 420 years, until the Kingdom fell in 586 BCE to the Babylonian Empire under Nebuzar-adan, captain of Nebuchadnezzar's body-guard. The exile to Babylon was a traumatic event in Jewish history, as the destruction of the political independence of the kingdom coincided with the destruction of the monarchy and of the First Temple of Jerusalem. Prior to this, several deportations of Judaean nobility and leading citizens occurred. After the overthrow of Babylonia by the Persian Empire, the Persian ruler Cyrus the Great gave Jews permission to return to their homeland in 537 BCE, and more than 40,000 are said to have returned, as noted in the Biblical accounts of Jehoiakim, Ezra, and Nehemiah. The Babylonian captivity had a number of serious effects on Judaism and the Jewish culture, including changes to the Hebrew alphabet and changes in the fundamental practices and customs of the Jewish religion. This period saw the last high-point of Biblical prophecy in the person of Ezekiel, followed by the emergence of the central role of the Torah in Jewish life. This process coincided with the emergence of scribes and sages as Jewish leaders (see Ezra and the Pharisees). Prior to the exile, the Israelites had been organized on a tribal basis, while afterwards they came to be organized by clans, with only the tribe of Levi continuing in its special role. After the Babylonian captivity, there were always sizable numbers of Jews living outside Eretz Israel, thus marking one starting point of the "Jewish diaspora."
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