abstract
| - The modal is the noun case used to qualify the verb's mood. The modal takes a strict position at the head of the phrase, opposing the tempus whose position is fixed after the verb, usually at the end of a phrase. Most nouns cannot take the modal case and most that can are from either the -áþ (ideas and concepts), the -él (emotions and senses), or the -ím (philosophies) noun classes. Words in the modal case have a meaning of "as a..." There are fifteen different moods that can be made with different nouns in the modal case. Nine of the moods are in common use: indicative, interrogative, imperative, volitional, presumptive, jussive, desiderative, intensive and renarrative. Two of are usually used only in casual conversation: causative and subjunctive. The remaining four are rare in casual speech and considered incorrect in formal and polite speech, as they are usually expressed through the use of a verb (potential, inferential) or a tempus (hypothetical, provisional). In archaic speech, used mostly in legislative writing by elderly people, the modal attaches to the head of the verb and the verb agrees with the gender of the subject but with the noun class of the modal. This construction however is dying out in speech and is slowly falling into disuse in writing. Where it is found in writing, the sentence is often given a second time with the modern phrasing.
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