The Gaza War, also known as Operation Cast Lead () and Gaza Massacre () or the Battle of al-Furqan [the criterion] () was a three-week armed conflict in the Gaza Strip between Israel and Palestinian militants that began on 27 December 2008 and ended on 18 January 2009 in a unilateral ceasefire.
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| - The Gaza War, also known as Operation Cast Lead () and Gaza Massacre () or the Battle of al-Furqan [the criterion] () was a three-week armed conflict in the Gaza Strip between Israel and Palestinian militants that began on 27 December 2008 and ended on 18 January 2009 in a unilateral ceasefire.
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| Strength
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- Hamas : 20,000
- IDF: 4,000–20,000 deployed in ground invasion and tens of thousands of reservists mobilized
* F-16I Sufa aircraft
* AH-64 Saraph and AH-1F Tzefa attack helicopters
* Elbit Hermes 450, Heron TP Unmanned aerial vehicles
* 130–140 Merkava tanks
* Nagmash, Achzarit, Puma, Namer, and other armored personnel carriers
* 100 armored CAT D9 and other armored bulldozers
* Super Dvora patrol boats, and Sa'ar 4.5-class missile boats
* Soltam M-71, M109 howitzers, and mortars
* B-300, Matador, and Spike, anti-tank missiles
* Viper military robots
* Tavor and M-16 assault rifles, light and heavy machine guns, and semi-automatic sniper rifles
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| Partof
| - the Gaza–Israel conflict and the Iran-Israel proxy conflict
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| Date
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| Commander
| - 22(xsd:integer)
- Ehud Barak
- Gabi Ashkenazi
- (Chief of General Staff)
- (Minister of Defense)
- (Prime Minister)
- Ehud Olmert
- Yoav Galant
- (Air Force)
- (Gaza Division)
- (Internal Security Service)
- (Navy)
- (Southern Command)
- Eli Marom
- Eyal Eisenberg
- Ido Nehoshtan
- Yuval Diskin
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| Caption
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| Casualties
| - 491(xsd:integer)
- 600(xsd:integer)
- One Egyptian border guard officer killed and three wounded, and two children wounded.
- Civilians: 926 (,) 295
Total wounded: 5,303
Total captured: 120( )
- Over 50,800 Gaza residents displaced.
Over 4,000 homes destroyed; around $2bn worth of damage to Gaza
- Civilians: 182
- Civilians: 3
- Militants and police officers:
- Soldiers: 10
- Soldiers: 336
- Total killed: 1,417 (,) 1,166
- Total killed: 13
- Total wounded: 518
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| Result
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| Notes
| - *255 police officers were killed .
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| combatant
| - Israel
- * 22 px Hamas
* PFLP
* 22 px PIJ
*
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| Place
| - Gaza Strip and Southern Israel
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| Conflict
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| abstract
| - The Gaza War, also known as Operation Cast Lead () and Gaza Massacre () or the Battle of al-Furqan [the criterion] () was a three-week armed conflict in the Gaza Strip between Israel and Palestinian militants that began on 27 December 2008 and ended on 18 January 2009 in a unilateral ceasefire. Israel's stated goal was to stop rocket fire into Israel and weapons smuggling into the Gaza strip. After the beginning of the conflict, Palestinian groups continued firing rockets in response to what they characterized as "massacres". Israeli forces attacked police stations, military targets including weapons caches and suspected rocket firing teams, as well as political and administrative institutions in the opening assault, striking in the densely populated cities of Gaza, Khan Yunis and Rafah. An Israeli ground invasion began on January 3. Infantry commanders were given an unprecedented level of access to coordinate with air, naval, artillery, intelligence, and combat engineering units during this second phase. Various new technologies and hardware were also introduced. On January 5, the IDF began operating in the densely populated urban centers of Gaza. During the last week of the offensive (from 12 January), Israel mostly hit targets it had damaged before and struck Palestinian rocket-launching units. Hamas intensified its rocket and mortar attacks against civilian targets in southern Israel, reaching the major cities of Beersheba and Ashdod for the first time during the conflict. Israeli politicians ultimately decided against striking deeper within Gaza amid concerns of higher casualties on both sides and rising international criticism. The conflict ended on January 18, when Israel first declared a unilateral ceasefire, followed by Hamas' announcing a one-week ceasefire twelve hours later. Israel completed its withdrawal on January 21. The conflict resulted in between 1,166 and 1,417 Palestinian and 13 Israeli deaths (4 from friendly fire). According to the Shin Bet, after the conflict, there was a decrease in Palestinian rocket attacks. In September 2009, a UN special mission, headed by the South African Justice Richard Goldstone, produced a controversial report accusing both Palestinian militants and the IDF of war crimes and possible crimes against humanity, and recommended bringing those responsible to justice. In January 2010, the Israeli government released a response criticizing the Goldstone Report and disputing its findings. In 2011, Goldstone wrote that he no longer believed that Israel intentionally targeted civilians in Gaza. The other authors of the report, Hina Jilani, Christine Chinkin and Desmond Travers, rejected Goldstone's re-assessment. However, the United Nations Human Rights Council did not agree and ordered Israel to conduct various repairs of the damages. On September 21, 2012, the United Nations Human Rights Council concluded that 75% of civilian homes destroyed in the attack were not rebuilt.
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