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The House of Wettin is a dynasty of German counts, dukes, prince-electors (Kurfürsten) and kings that once ruled the area of today's German states of Saxony, the Saxon part of Saxony-Anhalt, and Thuringia for more than 800 years. The family divided into two ruling branches in 1485 when the sons of Frederick II, Elector of Saxony, divided the territories that had previously been ruled jointly.

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  • House of Wettin
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  • The House of Wettin is a dynasty of German counts, dukes, prince-electors (Kurfürsten) and kings that once ruled the area of today's German states of Saxony, the Saxon part of Saxony-Anhalt, and Thuringia for more than 800 years. The family divided into two ruling branches in 1485 when the sons of Frederick II, Elector of Saxony, divided the territories that had previously been ruled jointly.
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abstract
  • The House of Wettin is a dynasty of German counts, dukes, prince-electors (Kurfürsten) and kings that once ruled the area of today's German states of Saxony, the Saxon part of Saxony-Anhalt, and Thuringia for more than 800 years. The family divided into two ruling branches in 1485 when the sons of Frederick II, Elector of Saxony, divided the territories that had previously been ruled jointly. The elder son Ernest, who had succeeded his father as prince-elector, received the territories assigned to the Elector (Electorate of Saxony) and Thuringia, while his younger brother Albert obtained the March of Meissen, which he ruled from Dresden. As Albert ruled under the title of "Duke of Saxony", his possessions were also known as Ducal Saxony. The two branches became known as Ernestine and Albertine, after their founders. After the Schmalkaldic War (July 1546 – May 1547), in which the Albertine branch supported the Imperial side, the Ernestines were forced to sign away their rights to the Electoral title and lands to the Albertines. The Ernestine line was thereafter restricted to Thuringia, and its dynastic unity swiftly crumbled. The Albertine Wettins maintained most of the territorial integrity of Saxony, preserving it as a significant power in the region, and used small appanage fiefs for their cadet branches, few of which survived for significant lengths of time. The Ernestine Wettins, on the other hand, repeatedly subdivided their territory, creating an intricate patchwork of small duchies and counties in Thuringia. The junior Albertine branch ruled as Electors of Saxony from 1547 to 1806, and as Kings of Saxony from 1806 to 1918. After the Napoleonic Wars, the Albertine branch lost about 40% of its lands, including the old Electorate of Saxony, to Prussia, restricting it to a territory coextensive with modern Saxony.
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