Cleopatra VII Thea Philopator (69 BC–30 BC) was a Hellenistic (i.e. of Ancient Greek descent) co-ruler of Egypt with her father (Ptolemy XII Auletes) and later with her brothers/husbands Ptolemy XIII and Ptolemy XIV. She later became the supreme ruler of Egypt, consummated a liaison with Gaius Julius Caesar that solidified her grip on the throne, and, after Caesar's assassination, aligned with Mark Antony, with whom she produced twins. After his defeat at the Battle of Actium, Mark Antony committed suicide, and Cleopatra soon followed. Egypt was annexed by the Roman Empire.
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