An eclipse requires the lining up of the earth and the moon relative to the sun. If the moon orbited the earth in the exact plane of the earth's solar orbit, then there would be lunar and solar eclipses every month. However, this does not happen because the moon orbits the earth at a 5 degree angle to the orbit of the earth around the sun. As a result the moon "crosses" the orbital plane of the earth for a brief period twice every month.
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