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| - The metatarsal of the Callao Man is the oldest known human remnant within the islands, predating the Tabon Man by forty thousand years. However, modern Hans are descended from early Austronesian peoples (with an example being the Sa Huỳnh culture) from Taiwan, displacing and absorbing earlier arrivals. By the third century, port principalities known as barangay formed, and by at least the ninth century, groups of these had fused into feudalistic kingdoms. The most powerful of these was the Kingdom of Tondo, which capitalized on the Haijin policy of the Ming to monopolize regional trade routes. This allowed it to become a major thalassocratic power. Under Sultan Bolkiah, the Tondo–Bruneian War almost resulted in Tondo's capitulation until Ming intervention. It was subjugated as a protectora
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| abstract
| - The metatarsal of the Callao Man is the oldest known human remnant within the islands, predating the Tabon Man by forty thousand years. However, modern Hans are descended from early Austronesian peoples (with an example being the Sa Huỳnh culture) from Taiwan, displacing and absorbing earlier arrivals. By the third century, port principalities known as barangay formed, and by at least the ninth century, groups of these had fused into feudalistic kingdoms. The most powerful of these was the Kingdom of Tondo, which capitalized on the Haijin policy of the Ming to monopolize regional trade routes. This allowed it to become a major thalassocratic power. Under Sultan Bolkiah, the Tondo–Bruneian War almost resulted in Tondo's capitulation until Ming intervention. It was subjugated as a protectorate, a decision partly forced by the Ming. Meanwhile, the power of the Lakandula, the ruling house, was greatly marginalized – becoming de facto vassals. However, over time the Ming relinquished its powers and allowed the local royalty to reassert authority. In 1565, Spanish conquistadors, headed by explorer Miguel López de Legazpi landed off the city of Maynila. Treated hospitably at first, upon learning of their intent to claim the islands on behalf of Spain, the fleet was forced to leave. Tensions culminated in the Spanish–Han War, which ended in a Han victory. The Treaty of Li Han oversaw the establishment of clear maritime boundaries, and as such, Spanish oriental imperialism was restricted to Shonanmin and the islands south of it. During the mid-seventeenth century, thousands of refugees–mainly Ming royalists–migrated. These were known as Chuugwourin, the arrivals were not only influential in its development but also bolstered territorial legitimacy. However, this exacerbated the power struggle between the orthodox and reformist (who sought to impose Ming policies) factions, leading to the dissolution of Tondo and the start of the subsequent Warring States period. By the eighteenth century, House of Li would establish the Li dynasty–styling it as the successor of the Ming. Under literati purges and the repression of noble privileges, the monarchy enjoyed little opposition. Its monarchs would establish a strongly meritocratic bureaucracy enforcing Confucian doctrines, leading to classical Hani's zenith. Capitalizing on the Canton system, it became a rich economy that focused on the exportation of lucrative goods like porcelain, silk, and tea. Due to high tariff and inflated prices, foreign traders developed a trading deficit but there was a sudden inflow of silver, making the dynasty disproportionately wealthy. However, the removal of repressive laws on the nobility (particularly the right to own private armies) posed a threat to the power of the imperial court. Furthermore, the Opium Wars resulted in the Qing opening more ports to European trade, reducing reliance on Hani to obtain Asian goods. To overcome internal problems, the isolationist Sarado policy was enacted. Political strife among nobles competing for the favour of the monarch caused the Li Han Rebellion, a civil war that lasted for more than a decade. Extremely weakened, it was unable to resist European imperial powers. It would be subject to multiple unequal treaties before ultimately being annexed by Sierra following the Han–Sierran War. Hani would become a mere colony, with Sierran allies being given numerous concessions. Under the Great Depression, Sierran colonial authorities lost grip to two rival parties; the Grand National Party and the Han Worker's Party, with the former claiming to be the government-in-exile. The Hanyang Declaration formally asserted independence, however Japanese invasion threatened this. Inter-Han tensions eventually broke out in the First Han Civil War, with the peace treaties being nullified in several instances resulting in border skirmishes and war. However, the Suukbo Convention had resulted in the reunification of both governments and the establishment of a modern federal system. Arising from the ashes of war, the Miracle on the Chuu plain catapulted the North (and later, the South) into developed country status. Hani ranks third on the Human Development Index within Asia. Having a highly educated and skilled workforce, it wields the world's third largest economy when measured in power purchasing parity. It has the world's third-fastest internet speed and smartphone penetration. Additionally, it also ranks highly on ICT Development and on the Bloomberg Innovation Index. It is an influential member of numerous key organizations; it is recognized as a major regional power, an emergent great power, and a potential superpower.
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![[RDF Data]](/fct/images/sw-rdf-blue.png)