Samkhya, also Sankhya, Sāṃkhya, or Sāṅkhya (Sanskrit: सांख्य, IAST: sāṃkhya), is one of the six (original) schools of Hindu philosophy and classical Indian philosophy. Sage Kapila is traditionally credited as a founder of the Samkhya school.
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| - Samkhya, also Sankhya, Sāṃkhya, or Sāṅkhya (Sanskrit: सांख्य, IAST: sāṃkhya), is one of the six (original) schools of Hindu philosophy and classical Indian philosophy. Sage Kapila is traditionally credited as a founder of the Samkhya school.
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| - —Bhagavad Gita 2.39
- —Brihadaranyaka Upanishad 1.4.1
- —Samkhyakarika I.3
- —Svetashvatara Upanishad VI.13
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| - The Supreme Good is mokṣa which consists in the permanent impossibility of the incidence of pain... in the realisation of the Self as Self pure and simple.
- This declared to you is the Yoga of the wisdom of Samkhya. Hear, now, of the integrated wisdom with which, Partha, you will cast off the bonds of karma.
- He is the eternal amongst the eternals, the intelligent among the intelligences, the one among many, who grants desires. That cause which is to be apprehended by discrimination and discipline - which God, one is freed from all fetters.
- In the beginning this was only the self, in the shape of a person. Looking around he saw nothing else than the self. He first said, 'I am' .
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| - Samkhya, also Sankhya, Sāṃkhya, or Sāṅkhya (Sanskrit: सांख्य, IAST: sāṃkhya), is one of the six (original) schools of Hindu philosophy and classical Indian philosophy. Sage Kapila is traditionally credited as a founder of the Samkhya school. There were two sages named Kapila. One, according to the Harivamsa, was the son of Sage Vitatha, of the dynasty of Agni, or an incarnation of Agni or Vishnu, and an atheist who recognized spirit and matter but not the supreme spirit. According to this Kapila all attributes ascribed by mystics to their lord are inappropriate for the lord is either an absolute unconditioned mukta (liberated) or a bound conditioned baddha (bound active). Kapila argued if the lord is an absolute unconditioned mukta he cannot enter the condition of a creator for he would have no desire to create; and if he were an active baddha on entering the work of creation he no longer remains absolute and unchangeable. The atheist Kapila is considered an impostor by the followers of ISKCON. Others claim Kapila only discarded popular deities and was not an atheist in the sense of denying a supreme being. However, there existed an other Kapila, the son of Kardama Muni and Devahuti, who according to the Padma Purana was an incarnation of Vasudeva who taught Daivi-sankhya or theistic Samkhya. Sāmkhya is an enumerationist philosophy that is strongly dualist. Sāmkhya philosophy regards the universe as consisting of two realities; Puruṣa (consciousness) and prakriti (phenomenal realm of matter). Jiva is that state in which puruṣa is bonded to prakriti through the glue of desire, and the end of this bondage is moksha. Sāṃkhya denies the final cause of Ishvara (God). Samkhya does not describe what happens after moksha and does not mention anything about Ishwara or God. Though the existence of a supreme spirit or supreme being is not directly asserted by the Samkhya philosophers; their belief is based on the assumption of existence of souls, on 23 tatvas (atoms or entities) that spring from prakriti (nature) into which the purusha (soul) is instilled although no explanation is given for the instillation procedure or the production of a soul. According to Sāṃkhya philosophers, "the soul and matter develop 3 gunas or qualities, 5 principles, 8 producers and 16 products from 11 organs". However, the Padma Purana denounces the atheist Kapila who had a disciple named Asuri with "bad reasoning and false arguments" vis-à-vis the theist Kapila who also had a disciple named Asuri. The theist Kapila is designated the "knower of 24 elements and inaugurator of Sāmkhya-yoga system."
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