Sikkim had a long history of relations with Tibet. Buddhism was the religion and the Chogyal rulers descended from Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal, a Tibetan saint who unified Bhutan. In the first half of the 19th century, the British extended their influence to the Himalayas and Sikkim signed an agreement with the British in 1861. As the British established relations with Nepal, Sikkim and Bhutan, Tibetan influence wanned and in Lhasa and Beijing it was feared that if left unopposed, the British would encroach into Tibet through Sikkim.
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| - Sikkim had a long history of relations with Tibet. Buddhism was the religion and the Chogyal rulers descended from Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal, a Tibetan saint who unified Bhutan. In the first half of the 19th century, the British extended their influence to the Himalayas and Sikkim signed an agreement with the British in 1861. As the British established relations with Nepal, Sikkim and Bhutan, Tibetan influence wanned and in Lhasa and Beijing it was feared that if left unopposed, the British would encroach into Tibet through Sikkim.
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| - The theatre of war in Sikkim
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| - Sikkim had a long history of relations with Tibet. Buddhism was the religion and the Chogyal rulers descended from Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal, a Tibetan saint who unified Bhutan. In the first half of the 19th century, the British extended their influence to the Himalayas and Sikkim signed an agreement with the British in 1861. As the British established relations with Nepal, Sikkim and Bhutan, Tibetan influence wanned and in Lhasa and Beijing it was feared that if left unopposed, the British would encroach into Tibet through Sikkim. Thutob Namgyal, the 9th Chogyal of Sikkim, looked to the Dalai Lama for spiritual leadership and during his reign the Tibetan government started to regain political influence on Sikkim. By the Anglo-Sikkim treaty of 1861 the Dharmaraja was restricted to spending no more than three months in Tibet but he frequently ignored this provision and in 1887, after having resided for almost two years in Tibet he declined to travel to Darjeeling to meet with the Lieutenant-Governor arguing that the Amban in Lhasa had forbidden him to do so. Meanwhile he had ordered that the revenue collected be sent to Chumbi, a clear sign of his intention not to return to Sikkim. In 1886 the Indian government prepared to send a diplomatic mission to Lhassa to define the spheres of influence of the Tibetan and Indian governments. Colman Macaulay was to be the responsible for the negotiations but the mission was delayed after the Tibetan government dispatched an expedition of 300 soldiers that crossed the Jelap La pass and occupied Lingtu around thirteen miles into Sikkim. The British decided to suspend the Macaulay mission since its despatch was the Tibetan argument for their occupation,but instead of retreating the Tibetans showed every sign of being there to stay. They built a fortified gate on the road that crossed Lingtu coming from Darjeeling and into Tibet, and also constructed a fort to defend it. After negotiations with the Chinese stalled, the Indian government ordered the despatch of a military expedition to Lingtu to restore Indian control of the road.
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