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| - The War on Terror, or War on Terrorism, was a common term for the military, political, legal, and ideological conflict against terrorism historically, but the term is used for the ongoing conflict and operations by the US, USSR, NATO, CSTO and their allies against terrorist cells in Africa, especially Al-Qaeda, the organization responsible for 9/11, which triggered the war.
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| abstract
| - The War on Terror, or War on Terrorism, was a common term for the military, political, legal, and ideological conflict against terrorism historically, but the term is used for the ongoing conflict and operations by the US, USSR, NATO, CSTO and their allies against terrorist cells in Africa, especially Al-Qaeda, the organization responsible for 9/11, which triggered the war. The War on Terror began after 9/11, when Osama BIn Laden took credit for the 9/11 attacks. Hiding in Sudan, the international community demanded Sudan to hand over the terrorists, but multiple times they refused. Sanctions were enacted against the country, but regardless of all non-military actions against Sudan, the government was unwilling to cooperate. In the end, NATO declared war against Sudan. With several other African and Arab nations joining the war thereafter. During the invasion, NATO allied with separaist and anti-government terrorists against the ruling regime. This led to the ousting of the radical Sudanese government and the independence of Darfur and Kush. The US and its allies continue fighting against governmental loyalists and radical Islamists in the western part of Sudan today. However, Sudan was not the only country to be invaded. In 2003, terrorist attacks in Moscow and Dire Dawa caused the USSR, Ethiopia, and its allies to invade Somalia, with similar goals to the War in Sudan: toppling the radical Islamist government, pursue terrorist groups, and rebuild a new, demoratic government. Like Sudan, the USSR got help from separaist groups in Somaliland and Puntland. This led to the fall of the radical Somalian government and the independence of Somaliland and Puntland. Insurgency by radical Islamists and government loyalists continues in the southern part of the country. Also contributing the to the radical side were Somali pirates, who have captured ships in the Gulf of Aden, alarming all nations in this area. During the two wars, one of the largest humantarian assistance programs were enacted in the newly independent and war-ravaged countries. The international community has provided economic aid to improve infrastructure and the economy. While the situation is improving, insurgency continues in West Sudan and Southern Somalia. In 2001, Osama Bin Laden was killed in an operation in Sudan while attempting to escape the country. By 2007, nearly all of Al-Qaeda's leaders have been capture or killed, thus destroying the leadership and the organization itself. By 2008, free, legislative, and democratic elections took place in all of those countries, which is an achievement in rebuilding the war-torn region.
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