Kapila (Hindi: कपिल ऋषि) was a Vedic sage credited as one of the founders of the Samkhya school of Hindu philosophy. He is prominent in the Bhagavata Purana, which features a theistic version of his Samkhya philosophy. He is estimated to have lived in the 6th-century BCE. Rishi Kapila is credited with authoring the influential Samkhya-sutra, in which aphoristic sutras present the dualistic philosophy of Samkhya. Kapila's influence on Buddha and Buddhism have long been the subject of scholarly studies.
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| - Kapila (Hindi: कपिल ऋषि) was a Vedic sage credited as one of the founders of the Samkhya school of Hindu philosophy. He is prominent in the Bhagavata Purana, which features a theistic version of his Samkhya philosophy. He is estimated to have lived in the 6th-century BCE. Rishi Kapila is credited with authoring the influential Samkhya-sutra, in which aphoristic sutras present the dualistic philosophy of Samkhya. Kapila's influence on Buddha and Buddhism have long been the subject of scholarly studies.
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| - Watercolour painting on paper of Kapil, a Vedic sage
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| - Hindu sources describe him as a descendant of Manu
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| - Kapila (Hindi: कपिल ऋषि) was a Vedic sage credited as one of the founders of the Samkhya school of Hindu philosophy. He is prominent in the Bhagavata Purana, which features a theistic version of his Samkhya philosophy. He is estimated to have lived in the 6th-century BCE. Rishi Kapila is credited with authoring the influential Samkhya-sutra, in which aphoristic sutras present the dualistic philosophy of Samkhya. Kapila's influence on Buddha and Buddhism have long been the subject of scholarly studies. Hindu mythology describes Kapila as a descendant of Manu, or as the grandson of the Hindu god Brahma, or as an avatar of the god Vishnu. The time at which this Kapila lived is dependent on the date of occurrence of the Kurukshetra war and the date of composition of Bhagavad Gita (traditionally 3139 BCE, but according to archaeological evidence closer to 950 BCE; and the text reached its final form in the 4th century CE), because Kapila Muni and Samkhya are mentioned in Bhagavad Gita (3.3 and 10.26). So the first conclusion is that Kapila Muni lived long before 950 BCE. Secondly Sage Kapila is also mentioned in Svetasvatara Upanisad (5.2). This upanisad is much before Bhagavad Gita and is part of the Black Yajurveda. But Sankaracharya (in introduction) equates Samkhya with konwledge and Kapila with Hiranyagarbha (first born of Vishnu) and not with the atheist Kapila, the author of Samkhya philosophy. Next Swami Prabhupad mentions two Kapilas in his book. According to him, Kapila in Bhagavad Gita (10.26) is not the atheist Kapila of Samkhya philosophy. Buddhists relate the atheist Kapila with the birthplace of Buddha named Kapilavastu. So we have two Kapilas: (1) Kapila Muni (vedic sage) the incarnation of Vishnu, son of Devhuti (much before 3139 BCE). (2) Atheist Sage Kapila, the founder of Samkhya Philosophy. (later than 3139 BCE but before Buddha).
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