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| - Oceans is a Disneynature movie.
- thumb Oceans (Océanos en España) es un documental de Disneynature. Fue estrenado el 27 de enero de 2010.
- Budgeted at 50 million Euros ($66 million US), it was filmed in over 50 different places and took four years to film. The movie is a high-quality filming documentary featuring ocean animals. It reflects the need to respect nature and demonstrates the negative aspects of human activity on animals. Oceans is directed and produced by Jacques Perrin, director Jacques Cluzaud with producer Nicolas Mauvernay, editors Catherine Mauchain and Vincent Schmitt, art director Arnaud Le Roch.
- The biggest bodies of water are called Oceans. They cover the largest part of Vexillium's surface. The seven oceans (blue in the following table) are divided from each other by the continents and other geographic features like capes and islands (green). They are named after their geographic position or after the greatest adjacent state. Cislendian, Futuronian and Cisgronkian Oceans are divided from their northern/southern neighbours at 45° N and 45° S, respectively. The Tundric Ocean was counted as part of Polaris Ocean until 301 AP.
- Oceanic problems once found on a local scale are now pandemic. Data from oceanography, marine biology, meteorology, fishery science, and glaciology reveal that the seas are changing in ominous ways. A vortex of cause and effect wrought by global environmental dilemmas is changing the ocean from a watery horizon with assorted regional troubles to a global system in alarming distress.
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| abstract
| - The biggest bodies of water are called Oceans. They cover the largest part of Vexillium's surface. The seven oceans (blue in the following table) are divided from each other by the continents and other geographic features like capes and islands (green). They are named after their geographic position or after the greatest adjacent state. Cislendian, Futuronian and Cisgronkian Oceans are divided from their northern/southern neighbours at 45° N and 45° S, respectively. The Tundric Ocean was counted as part of Polaris Ocean until 301 AP. The Meridic and the Glaciaris Oceans together form the Great Southern Ocean. However, the name Glaciaris Ocean is not being used since 301 AP while the Meridic Ocean tends to be seen as a separate entity. So the term Great Southern Ocean may only apply to the Glaciaris Ocean.
- Oceans is a Disneynature movie.
- Budgeted at 50 million Euros ($66 million US), it was filmed in over 50 different places and took four years to film. The movie is a high-quality filming documentary featuring ocean animals. It reflects the need to respect nature and demonstrates the negative aspects of human activity on animals. Oceans is directed and produced by Jacques Perrin, director Jacques Cluzaud with producer Nicolas Mauvernay, editors Catherine Mauchain and Vincent Schmitt, art director Arnaud Le Roch. Visual effects were produced by visual effect supervisor Nicolas Chevallier, VFX producers Alain Lalanne and Edouard Valton, digital artists Mickael Goussard, Jean-Louis Kalifa, Julien Buisseret, Olivier Sicot, Nicolas Evrard.
- Oceanic problems once found on a local scale are now pandemic. Data from oceanography, marine biology, meteorology, fishery science, and glaciology reveal that the seas are changing in ominous ways. A vortex of cause and effect wrought by global environmental dilemmas is changing the ocean from a watery horizon with assorted regional troubles to a global system in alarming distress. According to oceanographers the oceans are one, with currents linking the seas and regulating climate. Sea temperature and chemistry changes, along with contamination and reckless fishing practices, intertwine to imperil the world’s largest communal life source. In 2005, researchers from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory found clear evidence the ocean is quickly warming. They discovered that the top half-mile of the ocean has warmed dramatically in the past forty years as a result of human-induced greenhouse gases. One manifestation of this warming is the melting of the Arctic. A shrinking ratio of ice to water has set off a feedback loop, accelerating the increase in water surfaces that promote further warming and melting. With polar waters growing fresher and tropical seas saltier, the cycle of evaporation and precipitation has quickened, further invigorating the greenhouse effect. The ocean’s currents are reacting to this freshening, causing a critical conveyor that carries warm upper waters into Europe’s northern latitudes to slow by one third since 1957, bolstering fears of a shut down and cataclysmic climate change. This accelerating cycle of cause and effect will be difficult, if not impossible, to reverse. Atmospheric litter is also altering sea chemistry, as thousands of toxic compounds poison marine creatures and devastate propagation. The ocean has absorbed an estimated 118 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide since the onset of the Industrial Revolution, with 20 to 25 tons being added to the atmosphere daily. Increasing acidity from rising levels of CO2 is changing the ocean’s PH balance. Studies indicate that the shells and skeletons possessed by everything from reef-building corals to mollusks and plankton begin to dissolve within forty-eight hours of exposure to the acidity expected in the ocean by 2050. Coral reefs will almost certainly disappear and, even more worrisome, so will plankton. Phytoplankton absorb greenhouse gases, manufacture oxygen, and are the primary producers of the marine food web. Mercury pollution enters the food web via coal and chemical industry waste, oxidizes in the atmosphere, and settles to the sea bottom. There it is consumed, delivering mercury to each subsequent link in the food chain, until predators such as tuna or whales carry levels of mercury as much as one million times that of the waters around them. The Gulf of Mexico has the highest mercury levels ever recorded, with an average of ten tons of mercury coming down the Mississippi River every year, and another ton added by offshore drilling. Along with mercury, the Mississippi delivers nitrogen (often from fertilizers). Nitrogen stimulates plant and bacterial growth in the water that consume oxygen, creating a condition known as hypoxia, or dead zones. Dead zones occur wherever oceanic oxygen is depleted below the level necessary to sustain marine life. A sizable portion of the Gulf of Mexico has become a dead zone—the largest such area in the U.S. and the second largest on the planet, measuring nearly 8,000 square miles in 2001. It is no coincidence that almost all of the nearly 150 (and counting) dead zones on earth lay at the mouths of rivers. Nearly fifty fester off U.S. coasts. While most are caused by river-borne nitrogen, fossil fuel-burning plants help create this condition, as does phosphorous from human sewage and nitrogen emissions from auto exhaust. Meanwhile, since its peak in 2000, the global wild fish harvest has begun a sharp decline despite progress in seagoing technologies and intensified fishing. So-called efficiencies in fishing have stimulated unprecedented decimation of sealife. Long-lining, in which a single boat sets line across sixty or more miles of ocean, each baited with up to 10,000 hooks, captures at least 25 percent unwanted catch. With an estimated 2 billion hooks set each year, as much as 88 billion pounds of life a year is thrown back to the ocean either dead or dying. Additionally, trawlers drag nets across every square inch of the continental shelves every two years. Fishing the sea floor like a bulldozer, they level an area 150 times larger than all forest clearcuts each year and destroy seafloor ecosystems. Aquaculture is no better, since three pounds of wild fish are caught to feed every pound of farmed salmon. A 2003 study out of Dalhousie University in Nova Scotia concluded, based on data dating from the 1950s, that in the wake of decades of such onslaught only 10 percent of all large fish (tuna, swordfish) and ground fish (cod, hake, flounder) are left anywhere in the ocean. Other sea nurseries are also threatened. Fifteen percent of seagrass beds have disappeared in the last ten years, depriving juvenile fish, manatees, and sea turtles of critical habitats. Kelp beds are also dying at alarming rates. While at no time in history has science taught more about how the earth’s life-support systems work, the maelstrom of human assault on the seas continues. If human failure in governance of the world’s largest public domain is not reversed quickly, the ocean will soon and surely reach a point of no return.
- thumb Oceans (Océanos en España) es un documental de Disneynature. Fue estrenado el 27 de enero de 2010.
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