Elsbeth Schragmüller (also known as Mademoiselle Docteur, Fräulein Doktor, Fair Lady, La Baronne, Mlle Schwartz; 7 August 1887, Schlüsselburg, Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire — 24 February 1940, Munich, Bavaria) was a German spy during World War I. For many years she was invariably known as Mademoiselle Docteur or Fräulein Doktor, her actual name being revealed only in 1945 from German intelligence documents captured by the Allies after World War II, by which time she had already died of miliary tuberculosis (in 1940). Her nickname acknowledges the fact that she had a doctoral degree in political science (and not psychology as some fictional portrayals have claimed) from the University of Freiburg, being one of the first generation of German women to gain an academic degree.