Mengjiang (; Postal map spelling: Mengkiang; Hepburn: Mōkyō), also known in English as Mongol Border Land[citation needed], was an autonomous area in Inner Mongolia, existing as a puppet state of the Japanese Empire under nominal Chinese sovereignty. Formed in 1939, it consisted of the then-Chinese provinces of Chahar and Suiyuan, corresponding to the central part of modern Inner Mongolia. It is occasionally called Měnggǔguó (蒙古國) or Mengkukuo (in analogy to Manchukuo, another Japanese puppet state in Manchuria). The capital was Kalgan, and the ruler was Demchugdongrub. The territory returned to Chinese control after the defeat of the Japanese Empire in 1945.