The Anti-Procreation Movement (AKA Anti-Natalism) is a recent philosophical movement represented by the pessimistic stance that procreation is unethical. Arguments in support of the philosophy vary, but most stem from the premise that life, or rather the human condition is characterized by suffering (an idea first put forward by Buddha). Proponents of anti-natalism contend that it is therefore immoral to bring new life into the world because it only causes suffering, and therefore the only way to end suffering in the world is to cease the human project. At a lesser extreme, anti-natalist arguments represent the justifications of some couples not to conceive.