The Kolibri (German for "hummingbird") is the smallest commercially available centerfire cartridge pistol and was introduced in 1914 by Franz Pfannl, a watchmaker. About a thousand of these tiny pistols were made between about 1910 and the beginning of World War I in 1914, when production had to stop as the economy turned to a war footing. Though perhaps considered a novelty, it may have still been effective when used to deter stray dogs—a common use for miniature pistols of the era.