, or , was the 122nd emperor of Japan according to the traditional order of succession, reigning from 3 February 1867 until his death on 30 July 1912. He presided over a time of rapid change in the Empire of Japan, as the nation quickly changed from a feudal state to a capitalist and imperial world power, characterized by Japan's industrial revolution. His personal name was , and although outside of Japan he is sometimes called by this name, in Japan deceased emperors are referred to only by their posthumous names.