Lesbian separatism refers to a range of extreme positions within the feminist and gay liberation movements, and is a mode of Queer nationalism and political lesbianism. In a moderate form, it advocates that lesbians should form separate, self-sufficient communities devoid of men, and which should have as little contact with wider society (and men in particular) as possible. Lesbian separatism has inspired various works of Science fiction, depicting future utopias in which all men have died out, and advances in reproductive technology have eliminated the need to have men for human reproduction.