In painting color theory, a hue refers to a pure color —one without added white (tint) or black (shade) pigment. In an RGB color space, hue can be thought of as an angle φ in standard position. To calculate φ, let R, G, B be the color coordinates in RGB space, defined on a scale from zero to one. Then, after obtaining the brightness μ and the saturation σ, the hue could be obtained from (Compare with standard score). Using this formula, φ=0 (in radians) would correspond to red, while φ=2π/3 would correspond to blue, and φ=4π/3 would correspond to green.