Rudolph III of Austria (1281 - 1307) was the King of Bohemia from 1306 until 1307, and the co-Duke of Austria from 1298 until 1307. Rudolph was the eldest son and third child of King Albert I of Habsburg. In 1298 his father made him the co-Duke of Austria. Rudolph married Elisabeth Richeza of Poland, the widow of King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia. In 1306 after the death of King Wenceslaus III Rudolph and Henry II of Tyrol and Carinthia both claimed the inheritance of the kingdom.