Carmiren referred to exquisite corundum such as rubies and sapphires.In middle-earth Blue to violet-blue,green to olive green, yellow to golden-Orange, red-orange, bright Purple, star purple, Black and Star Black carmiren was known.The finest rubies came from Bulchyades, Horl and Dûshera and sapphires from Bulchyades, Dûshera and Greater Harad.Rubies were used in all forms of good luck charms. Sapphires were used to aid and protect from magic.