The following were the cardinal electors in the 1958 papal conclave. Arranged by region (not by the linguistic groups commonly used in universal church senacles), and within each alphabetically (not the official order of precedence, which is not relevant to conclave procedure). Only three out of the fifty-four electors did not participate in the conclave: two impeded by their Communist governments (József Mindszenty, confined to the U.S. Embassy in Budapest, and Aloysius Stepinac, under house arrest); and Edward Mooney, who died of a heart attack three hours before the conclave began.