Henri Poincaré (1854–1912), a French mathematician, was one of the last mathematicians who made fundamental contributions to several different areas of mathematics. For this reason he was referred to as the "Last Universalist". In this regard he was similar to German mathematician David Hilbert. He remained a powerhouse in pure mathematics even as the emphasis and locus of mathematics shifted to applied mathematics in Great Britain and Germany. Poincaré was the leading French scientist in 1900, and one of the best in Europe.