He was born in La Force, the son of Francois de Caumont and Philippes de Beaupoil. He survived the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre (1572), but his father and older brother Armand were killed. He served Henri IV. He was governor of Béarn (1593) and governor of Navarre. After the death of Henri (1610), he plotted with Henri de Rohan, before submitting to Louis XIII. He had a house in the Rue du Roi de Sicile in Paris, which was transformed to La Force Prison in 1780. During the reign of Louis XIII, he was made a marshal of France on 27 May 1622. He died in Bergerac.