The "National Telecommunications Network for Technology Education and Research," was deployed in France in the early 1990s to unite the telecommunications infrastructure for research and education. To carry out this action, the public interest group RENATER was formed in February 1993. Member organizations GIP RENATER are: CNRS, CPU, CEA, INRIA, CNES, INRA, INSERM, ONERA, CIRAD, Cemagref, IRD, BRGM and the Mnistère of Education and Higher Education and Sought After.