Shimon bar Kokhba (Hebrew: שמעון בר כוכבא‎, also transliterated as Bar Kokhva or Bar Kochba) was the Jewish leader who led what is known as the Bar Kokhba revolt against the Roman Empire in 132 CE, establishing an independent Jewish state of Israel which he ruled for three years as Nasi ("Ruler"). His state was conquered by the Romans in 135 following a two-year war. After the failure of the revolt, the rabbinical writers referred to bar Kokhba as "Simon bar Kozeba" (Hebrew: בר כוזיבא‎, or "Son of the disappointment").