Martin Hengel (Dec 14, 1926 - July 2, 2009) was a German New Testament scholar and Emeritus Professor of New Testament and Early Judaism at the University of Tübingen. Hengel specialized in "second temple" Judaism during the Hellenistic period and early Christianity. Larry Hurtado writes of Hengel: Hengel passed away on July 2, 2009 after a long battle with cancer.