To understand the modern field artillery team concept, it is necessary to understand that modern artillery batteries shoot at targets measured in distances of kilometers and miles rather than the old 18th Century concept of meters and yards, representing a hundredfold increase in range. This dramatic range increase has been driven by the development of rifled cannons, improvements in propellants, better communications and technical improvements in gunnery computational abilities, that have been ongoing since the end of the 19th Century. Since a modern enemy is engaged at such great distances, in most cases, gunners no longer directly see their targets and so they can not directly engage the enemy with observed direct fire, thus there is a need for trained observers linked to the artillery