The Rwanda Defence Force (RDF) (in Kinyarwanda Ingabo z'u Rwanda) is the national army of Rwanda. Largely composed of former Rwandan Patriotic Army (RPA) soldiers, it comprises (a) the High Command Council of the RDF; (b) the General Staff of the RDF; (c) the Rwanda Land Force; (d) the Rwanda Air Force; and (e) specialised units. In November 2002 Emmanuel Habyarimana was removed from his post as Minister of Defence, which government spokesperson Joseph Bideri attributed to his "extreme pro-Hutu" views. Habyarimana was replaced by Marcel Gatsinzi.