In 1988, Kevin Flynn discovered that, independently from him, the Grid created programs known as isomorphic algorithms (ISOs) who were capable of changing the Grid in ways unplanned by Flynn. He regarded that as a miracle and "a digital frontier to reshape the human condition". However, Clu was written, according to Flynn's earlier ideas, to strive for "the prefect system" and thus viewed the ISOs as sources of imperfection and chaos, and a threat to the system.