Tokiharu Abe (April 3, 1911; Tokyo to August 6, 1996) was a Japanese Ichthyologist who worked for the University Museum of the Universtity of Tokyo. Abe became notable for his taxonomic studies on the pufferfish (Tetraodontidae, Teleostei) from East Asia, in particular the genus Takifugu which he first described in 1949. He described further species like Sagamichthys abei, Centroscyllium kamoharai, and Fugu obscurus. Species like Tetraodon abei and Chaunax abei were named in his honour. Abe was an honorary foreign member of the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists.