The Austro-Hungarian Empire was a country in central Europe. Its capital was Vienna. It was bordered by Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west; the German Empire and Bohemia to the north; the Russian Empire to the northeast; Rumania, Serbia, Montenegro and the Ottoman Empire to the southeast; and Italy to the southwest. The empire was cobbled together from a number of the diverse territories ruled by the Habsburg emperors, including Austria, Hungary, Bohemia, Croatia, some Italian territory, and parts of the Balkans. Nevertheless, it was a declining power, and its diverse population was deeply riven by ethnic tensions; and its ruler during the second half of the 19th century, Franz Joseph, spent much of his reign attempting to quell nationalist uprisings within his territory.