Today Darwin, voted the fourth greatest Brit, is certainly one of the most famous world-wide along with Newton, Shakespeare, Princess Diana, two Queen Elizabeths and a few footballers. Over the previous few months prior to this day (October 20th) in 1835, Darwin’s ship, the Beagle, had made its way up from Tierra del Fuego to the Galapagos Islands. And it was during this period that the theory of evolution was beginning to take root. The Beagle, was refitted and resupplied in Callao (for its long voyage to Tahiti) and that gave Darwin the opportunity to explore inland. He found post-independence Peru is a state of decay and destitution caused by the “inter-caudillo” wars. (The British Consul in Lima advised Palmerston, the British Foreign Minister, to support a confederation for Peru and